通过重构实现模板方法模式（Template Method ) 模式篇

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书接上文

上次使用了一些简单地重构方法,得到的最终代码如下:

.h 未做改动,文件省略
.m 文件

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#import "GUIResetPasswordController.h"
#import "GUIChangePasswordController.h"
#import <SMS_SDK/SMS_SDK.h>
#import "GUIHeader.h"



@interface GUIResetPasswordController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) UITextField *phonenumberTextfield;
@property (nonatomic, weak) UITextField *verifyCodeTextfield;
@property (nonatomic, weak) UIButton    *getVerifyCodeButton;
@property (nonatomic, weak) UIButton    *submitButton;

@end

static NSInteger secondsCoutDown;
static NSTimer   *countDownTimer;

static CGFloat const kLeftViewHeight = 40;
static CGFloat const kLeftViewWidth  = 40;


@implementation GUIResetPasswordController





#pragma mark -life cycle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    self.view.backgroundColor = kcMainGrayBackgroud;

    [self setupPhoneNumberTextField];

    [self setupVerifiedCodeTextField];

    [self setupGetVerifiyCodeButton];

    [self setupSubmitButton];


}

- (void)viewWillLayoutSubviews {
    [super viewWillLayoutSubviews];

    WSE(ws);

    static const CGFloat kTextFieldHeight = 50;
    [self.phonenumberTextfield mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
         make.top.mas_equalTo(ws.view);
         make.leading.mas_equalTo(ws.view);
         make.trailing.mas_equalTo(ws.view);
         make.height.mas_equalTo(kTextFieldHeight);
     }];

    [self.verifyCodeTextfield mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
         make.top.mas_equalTo(ws.phonenumberTextfield.mas_bottom).with.offset(1);
         make.leading.mas_equalTo(ws.view);
         make.trailing.mas_equalTo(ws.view).with.offset(-GUIScreenWidth/3);
         make.height.mas_equalTo(kTextFieldHeight);
     }];

    [self.getVerifyCodeButton mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
         make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(GUIScreenWidth/3, kTextFieldHeight));
         make.leading.mas_equalTo(ws.verifyCodeTextfield.mas_trailing);
         make.bottom.mas_equalTo(ws.verifyCodeTextfield);
     }];

    [self.submitButton mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
         make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(GUIScreenWidth/3, 30));
         make.leading.mas_equalTo((GUIScreenWidth-(GUIScreenWidth/3))/2);
         make.top.mas_equalTo(ws.verifyCodeTextfield.mas_bottom).with.offset(60);
     }];


}

#pragma mark -  delegate

#pragma mark -event response
- (void)getTheCodeAgain {

    secondsCoutDown                  = 60;
    self.getVerifyCodeButton.enabled = NO;
    countDownTimer                   = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(timeDown) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];

}

- (void)nextStep:(UIButton *)button {

    [SMS_SDK commitVerifyCode:self.verifyCodeTextfield.text result:^(enum SMS_ResponseState state) {
         if (state == SMS_ResponseStateSuccess) {
             [MBProgressHUD showMessage:@"正在验证 ... "];
             [self.navigationController pushViewController:[[GUIChangePasswordController alloc]init] animated:YES];
             [MBProgressHUD hideHUD];
         } else {
             [MBProgressHUD showError:@"验证失败"];
         }
     }];
#warning temp code ,remember to delete
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:[[GUIChangePasswordController alloc]init] animated:YES];

}

#pragma  mark - share sdk sms
- (void)getVerifyCode:(UIButton *)button {

    if (self.phonenumberTextfield.text == nil) {
        [MBProgressHUD showError:@"请先填写手机号码"];
        return;
    }


    NSString *phoneNumber = self.phonenumberTextfield.text;

#warning temp code ,remember to delete
    NSArray  *paths        = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentPath = [paths lastObject];
    NSString *filePath     = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"resetPhoneNumber.plist"];
    [phoneNumber writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];

    [SMS_SDK getVerificationCodeBySMSWithPhone:phoneNumber zone:@"86" result:^(SMS_SDKError *error) {
         //save phone number to file
         NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
         NSString *documentPath = [paths lastObject];
         NSString *filePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"resetPhoneNumber.plist"];
         [phoneNumber writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
     }];

    [self getTheCodeAgain];
}

#pragma mark -private methods

- (void)timeDown {
    secondsCoutDown--;
    if (secondsCoutDown == 0) {
        [countDownTimer invalidate];
        self.getVerifyCodeButton.enabled = YES;
    }
    [self.getVerifyCodeButton setTitle:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"请等待 %ld 秒", (long)secondsCoutDown] forState:UIControlStateDisabled];
}

- (UIImageView *)textLeftViewWithImage:(UIImage *)leftImage {
    UIImageView *containerView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
    UIImageView *iconView      = [[UIImageView alloc]init];
    iconView.image = leftImage;
    [containerView addSubview:iconView];

    UIImageView *seperatorView = [[UIImageView alloc]init];
    seperatorView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    [containerView addSubview:seperatorView];
    //set frame
    containerView.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, kLeftViewWidth+20, kLeftViewWidth);

    CGFloat iconViewWH = 20;
    CGFloat iconViewX  = (kLeftViewWidth - iconViewWH)/2;
    CGFloat iconViewY  = (kLeftViewHeight - iconViewWH)/2;

    iconView.frame = CGRectMake(iconViewX, iconViewY, iconViewWH, iconViewWH);

    CGFloat seperatorW = 1;
    CGFloat seperatorH = 20;
    CGFloat seperatorX = kLeftViewWidth-seperatorW;
    CGFloat seperatorY = (kLeftViewHeight-seperatorH)/2;

    seperatorView.frame = CGRectMake(seperatorX, seperatorY, seperatorW, seperatorH);

    return containerView;
}

- (void)setupPhoneNumberTextField {

    UITextField *phonenumberTextfield = [[UITextField alloc]init];
    phonenumberTextfield.leftView        = [self textLeftViewWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"zhuce_dianhua"]];
    phonenumberTextfield.leftViewMode    = UITextFieldViewModeAlways;
    phonenumberTextfield.placeholder     = @"您的手机号";
    phonenumberTextfield.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    phonenumberTextfield.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing;
    [self.view addSubview:phonenumberTextfield];
    self.phonenumberTextfield = phonenumberTextfield;

}

- (void)setupVerifiedCodeTextField {

    UITextField *verifyCodeTextfield = [[UITextField alloc]init];
    verifyCodeTextfield.leftView        = [self textLeftViewWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"zhuce_yanzhengma"]];
    verifyCodeTextfield.leftViewMode    = UITextFieldViewModeAlways;
    verifyCodeTextfield.placeholder     = @"输入验证码";
    verifyCodeTextfield.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    [self.view addSubview:verifyCodeTextfield];
    self.verifyCodeTextfield = verifyCodeTextfield;


}

- (void)setupGetVerifiyCodeButton {

    UIButton *getVerifyCodeButton = [[UIButton alloc]init];
    [getVerifyCodeButton setTitle:@"获取验证码" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [getVerifyCodeButton setBackgroundColor:kcMainRed];
    [getVerifyCodeButton setTitleColor:kcMainGrayBackgroud forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [getVerifyCodeButton addTarget:self action:@selector(getVerifyCode:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:getVerifyCodeButton];
    self.getVerifyCodeButton = getVerifyCodeButton;

}

- (void)setupSubmitButton {

    UIButton *submitButton = [[UIButton alloc] init];
    [submitButton setTitle:@"下一步" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [submitButton setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
    submitButton.layer.cornerRadius = 3;
    [submitButton setTitleColor:kcMainRed forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [submitButton addTarget:self action:@selector(nextStep:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:submitButton];
    self.submitButton = submitButton;

}

#pragma mark -getters and setters



@end

模板方法

模板方法设计模式是最常用来避免直接复制代码的设计模式.

1. 隔离变化

所谓的隔离变化,概括起来说就是:

  • 对比两份或者多份代码,找出不同点
  • 抽取出方法 (要求子类必须重写)
  • 将公共代码作为模板类.
  • 子类实现差异方法

2.创建模板类

新建模板控制器 GUIVaiidationTemplateController

在编写模板类的时候,我的最佳实践步骤是:

  • 版本控制保存当前状态
  • 拷贝重构好的代码到模板类
  • 原控制器继承模板类
  • 将差异抽取,并在子类中分别实现

拷贝完毕的代码:

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#import "GUIVaiidationTemplateController.h"
#import <SMS_SDK/SMS_SDK.h>
#import "GUIHeader.h"


static NSInteger secondsCoutDown;
static NSTimer   *countDownTimer;

static CGFloat const kLeftViewHeight = 40;
static CGFloat const kLeftViewWidth  = 40;


@interface GUIVaiidationTemplateController ()

@property (nonatomic, weak) UITextField *phonenumberTextfield;
@property (nonatomic, weak) UITextField *verifyCodeTextfield;
@property (nonatomic, weak) UIButton    *getVerifyCodeButton;
@property (nonatomic, weak) UIButton    *submitButton;

@end


@implementation GUIVaiidationTemplateController


#pragma mark -life cycle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    self.view.backgroundColor = kcMainGrayBackgroud;
    
    [self setupPhoneNumberTextField];
    
    [self setupVerifiedCodeTextField];
    
    [self setupGetVerifiyCodeButton];
    
    [self setupSubmitButton];
    
    
}

- (void)viewWillLayoutSubviews {
    [super viewWillLayoutSubviews];
    
    WSE(ws);
    
    static const CGFloat kTextFieldHeight = 50;
    [self.phonenumberTextfield mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.top.mas_equalTo(ws.view);
        make.leading.mas_equalTo(ws.view);
        make.trailing.mas_equalTo(ws.view);
        make.height.mas_equalTo(kTextFieldHeight);
    }];
    
    [self.verifyCodeTextfield mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.top.mas_equalTo(ws.phonenumberTextfield.mas_bottom).with.offset(1);
        make.leading.mas_equalTo(ws.view);
        make.trailing.mas_equalTo(ws.view).with.offset(-GUIScreenWidth/3);
        make.height.mas_equalTo(kTextFieldHeight);
    }];
    
    [self.getVerifyCodeButton mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(GUIScreenWidth/3, kTextFieldHeight));
        make.leading.mas_equalTo(ws.verifyCodeTextfield.mas_trailing);
        make.bottom.mas_equalTo(ws.verifyCodeTextfield);
    }];
    
    [self.submitButton mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(GUIScreenWidth/3, 30));
        make.leading.mas_equalTo((GUIScreenWidth-(GUIScreenWidth/3))/2);
        make.top.mas_equalTo(ws.verifyCodeTextfield.mas_bottom).with.offset(60);
    }];
    
    
}

#pragma mark -  delegate

#pragma mark -event response
- (void)getTheCodeAgain {
    
    secondsCoutDown                  = 60;
    self.getVerifyCodeButton.enabled = NO;
    countDownTimer                   = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1 target:self selector:@selector(timeDown) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
    
}

- (void)nextStep:(UIButton *)button {
    
    [SMS_SDK commitVerifyCode:self.verifyCodeTextfield.text result:^(enum SMS_ResponseState state) {
        if (state == SMS_ResponseStateSuccess) {
            [MBProgressHUD showMessage:@"正在验证 ... "];
            [self.navigationController pushViewController:[[GUIChangePasswordController alloc]init] animated:YES];
            [MBProgressHUD hideHUD];
        } else {
            [MBProgressHUD showError:@"验证失败"];
        }
    }];
#warning temp code ,remember to delete
    [self.navigationController pushViewController:[[GUIChangePasswordController alloc]init] animated:YES];
    
}

#pragma  mark - share sdk sms
- (void)getVerifyCode:(UIButton *)button {
    
    if (self.phonenumberTextfield.text == nil) {
        [MBProgressHUD showError:@"请先填写手机号码"];
        return;
    }
    
    
    NSString *phoneNumber = self.phonenumberTextfield.text;
    
#warning temp code ,remember to delete
    NSArray  *paths        = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *documentPath = [paths lastObject];
    NSString *filePath     = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"resetPhoneNumber.plist"];
    [phoneNumber writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
    
    [SMS_SDK getVerificationCodeBySMSWithPhone:phoneNumber zone:@"86" result:^(SMS_SDKError *error) {
        //save phone number to file
        NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
        NSString *documentPath = [paths lastObject];
        NSString *filePath = [documentPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"resetPhoneNumber.plist"];
        [phoneNumber writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
    }];
    
    [self getTheCodeAgain];
}

#pragma mark -private methods

- (void)timeDown {
    secondsCoutDown--;
    if (secondsCoutDown == 0) {
        [countDownTimer invalidate];
        self.getVerifyCodeButton.enabled = YES;
    }
    [self.getVerifyCodeButton setTitle:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"请等待 %ld 秒", (long)secondsCoutDown] forState:UIControlStateDisabled];
}

- (UIImageView *)textLeftViewWithImage:(UIImage *)leftImage {
    UIImageView *containerView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
    UIImageView *iconView      = [[UIImageView alloc]init];
    iconView.image = leftImage;
    [containerView addSubview:iconView];
    
    UIImageView *seperatorView = [[UIImageView alloc]init];
    seperatorView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
    [containerView addSubview:seperatorView];
    //set frame
    containerView.bounds = CGRectMake(0, 0, kLeftViewWidth+20, kLeftViewWidth);
    
    CGFloat iconViewWH = 20;
    CGFloat iconViewX  = (kLeftViewWidth - iconViewWH)/2;
    CGFloat iconViewY  = (kLeftViewHeight - iconViewWH)/2;
    
    iconView.frame = CGRectMake(iconViewX, iconViewY, iconViewWH, iconViewWH);
    
    CGFloat seperatorW = 1;
    CGFloat seperatorH = 20;
    CGFloat seperatorX = kLeftViewWidth-seperatorW;
    CGFloat seperatorY = (kLeftViewHeight-seperatorH)/2;
    
    seperatorView.frame = CGRectMake(seperatorX, seperatorY, seperatorW, seperatorH);
    
    return containerView;
}

- (void)setupPhoneNumberTextField {
    
    UITextField *phonenumberTextfield = [[UITextField alloc]init];
    phonenumberTextfield.leftView        = [self textLeftViewWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"zhuce_dianhua"]];
    phonenumberTextfield.leftViewMode    = UITextFieldViewModeAlways;
    phonenumberTextfield.placeholder     = @"您的手机号";
    phonenumberTextfield.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    phonenumberTextfield.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeWhileEditing;
    [self.view addSubview:phonenumberTextfield];
    self.phonenumberTextfield = phonenumberTextfield;
    
}

- (void)setupVerifiedCodeTextField {
    
    UITextField *verifyCodeTextfield = [[UITextField alloc]init];
    verifyCodeTextfield.leftView        = [self textLeftViewWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"zhuce_yanzhengma"]];
    verifyCodeTextfield.leftViewMode    = UITextFieldViewModeAlways;
    verifyCodeTextfield.placeholder     = @"输入验证码";
    verifyCodeTextfield.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    [self.view addSubview:verifyCodeTextfield];
    self.verifyCodeTextfield = verifyCodeTextfield;
    
    
}

- (void)setupGetVerifiyCodeButton {
    
    UIButton *getVerifyCodeButton = [[UIButton alloc]init];
    [getVerifyCodeButton setTitle:@"获取验证码" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [getVerifyCodeButton setBackgroundColor:kcMainRed];
    [getVerifyCodeButton setTitleColor:kcMainGrayBackgroud forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [getVerifyCodeButton addTarget:self action:@selector(getVerifyCode:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:getVerifyCodeButton];
    self.getVerifyCodeButton = getVerifyCodeButton;
    
}

- (void)setupSubmitButton {
    
    UIButton *submitButton = [[UIButton alloc] init];
    [submitButton setTitle:@"下一步" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [submitButton setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];
    submitButton.layer.cornerRadius = 3;
    [submitButton setTitleColor:kcMainRed forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [submitButton addTarget:self action:@selector(nextStep:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:submitButton];
    self.submitButton = submitButton;
    
}

#pragma mark -getters and setters



@end

好的,现在开始对比两个子类. 两个子类的代码和上面的代码类似,就不上代码了.

以上面的代码为例,首先提取变化.

我粘贴完毕之后,发现在跳转控制器的地方,需要有这个控制器 GUIChangePasswordController ,而另一个注册的子类没有,所以这就是一个变化,应该将这个变化放到一个方法中.

在子类和模板类的方法有所不同, 模板类做的只是把方法提取出来,同时要求子类必须实现,自己不需要写具体的实现.

模板类中原代码:

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[SMS_SDK commitVerifyCode:self.verifyCodeTextfield.text result:^(enum SMS_ResponseState state) {
       if (state == SMS_ResponseStateSuccess) {
           [MBProgressHUD showMessage:@"正在验证 ... "];
           [self.navigationController pushViewController:[[GUIChangePasswordController alloc]init] animated:YES];
           [MBProgressHUD hideHUD];
       } else {
           [MBProgressHUD showError:@"验证失败"];
       }
   }];

隔离变化后代码:

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[SMS_SDK commitVerifyCode:self.verifyCodeTextfield.text result:^(enum SMS_ResponseState state) {
    if (state == SMS_ResponseStateSuccess) {
        [MBProgressHUD showMessage:@"正在验证 ... "];
        [self.navigationController pushViewController:[self pushTargetController] animated:YES];
        [MBProgressHUD hideHUD];
    } else {
        [MBProgressHUD showError:@"验证失败"];
    }
}];

重头戏来了 ! OC中没有任何关键字能要求子类必须重写父类的方法.那么很多的设计模式是不是对OC就不适用了呢 ? 其实还是有方法的.

在OC 2.0之后 , 大家都用 @throw了,更符合规范,但是1.0的 NSAssert 更加简洁,谁优谁劣,自己选择.

对应的要求子类必须实现的代码:

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-(id)pushTargetController{
    //不写实现,子类必须重写此方法
    @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:NSInternalInconsistencyException reason:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"方法: %@ 必须被子类实现",NSStringFromSelector(_cmd)] userInfo:nil];
 
}

可以看到,写了异常代码之后,返回值也不是必须的了,爽 !

到两个子类中实现跳转代码,为了方便,我称呼为 子类A 和 子类B

子类A

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-(id)pushTargetController{
   
    return [[GUIChangePasswordController alloc]init];
    
}

子类B

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-(id)pushTargetController{
    
    return [[GUISignupPasswordController alloc]init];
    
}

最后一步

接下来的工作就比较简单暴力了. 把两个子类中完全相同的代码删掉.
将差异的部分提取到父类,抽取方法. 重复进行.

收尾

运行,测试.

子类A完整代码:

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#import "GUIResetPasswordController.h"
#import "GUIChangePasswordController.h"


@implementation GUIResetPasswordController

#pragma mark -life cycle
- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"重置密码";
}

#pragma mark -  delegate

#pragma mark -event response

#pragma mark -private methods

-(id)pushTargetController{
   
    return [[GUIChangePasswordController alloc]init];
    
}
#pragma mark -getters and setters

@end

子类B 代码:

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@implementation GUISignupPasswordController

-(void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"用户注册";
    
}


#pragma mark -life cycle

#pragma mark -  delegate

#pragma mark -event response

#pragma mark -private methods
-(id)pushTargetController{
    
    return [[GUISignupPasswordController alloc]init];
    
}

#pragma mark -getters and setters
@end

清爽吧 ?

结语

注意点

  • 要养成随手编译的好习惯,尤其是在重构代码的过程中,随时发现问题.
  • 善用git svn等版本控制工具,它们是你的后悔药.

不要再拷贝代码了

就如刚才的例子,如果有新需求,需要更改样式或者其他内容,那我需要分别修改两个类.这还只是两个类,如果是10个,20个呢 ? 程序员加班多得原因之一,就是为自己的不规范负责.

使用了模板方法,其实只要维护一份代码即可,以后增加新的类 ,只需要继承模板 ,维护起来非常方便.